The plates make up Earth's outer shell, called the lithosphere. (This includes the ... These convergent boundaries also occur where a plate of ocean dives, in a process called subduction, under ...

"Ancient lithosphere can be broken apart, and this disintegration can be caused by this special form of subduction occurring near oceanic plates, revealing how the continents evolved over Earth's ...

At divergent boundaries, plates move away from each other and form mid-ocean ridges or major rift ... the electrical resistivity of the region's lithosphere with naturally occurring radio waves.

far from any volcanically-active plate boundaries, have created many of the thousands of ocean islands and seamounts that cover Earth's ocean floors. The geochemistry of their lavas may provide a ...